According to a 1996 survey by the National Association of College and University Business Officers, more than three times as many independent institutions of higher education charge tuition and fees of under $8,000 a year than those that charge over $16,000.

A、B、C,大的结构是as many .... as,用than错
E is the best
E的those可以向前指代institutions,也可以指代tuition and fees;并且as..as不对称
D可以认为(many independent institutions of higher education) charge( tuition and fees of),只是无法确定是否可以这么省略。
in choice D,若是ellipsis 的话,structure 为:as many as institutions ~~charge fees as (institutions) charge .此结构比较的是两个句子,强调的为charge 这个动作,而文中的intended meaning 是 比较 institutions .
the parallelism is not with respect to structure but with respect to the meaning..SO 不存在 不平行的问题。逻辑平行 优先于 形式平行。
institutions that charge =institutions charging (charging起adj的作用)

