题目信息
A theory is either true or false. Galileo's observations of Jupiter's satellites showed that the Ptolemaic theory of the motion of celestial bodies is false. Therefore, since the Copernican theory of planetary motion is inconsistent with the Ptolemaic account, Galileo's observations of Jupiter's satellites proved the truth of the Copernican theory.
The argument above is open to the objection that it makes the questionable assumption that
A:whoever first observed something inconsistent with the truth of the Ptolemaic theory should be credited with having proved that theory false
B:there are some possible observations that would be inconsistent with the account given by the Copernican theory but consistent with the account given by the Ptolemaic theory
C:the Ptolemaic and Copernican theories, being inconsistent, cannot both be based on exactly the same evidence
D:numerous counterexamples were necessary in order to show the Ptolemaic theory to be false
E:the Ptolemaic and Copernican theories, being inconsistent, cannot both be false
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E:the Ptolemaic and Copernican theories, being inconsistent, cannot both be false
Galileo 伽利略。Ptolemaic 托勒密学说的，地心说的。Copernican 哥白尼说的，日心说的。 observations与理论A不符。理论A与理论B有矛盾。因此，observations证明了理论B。这样的推导，错在哪里？ 错在它认为，理论A和理论B必定有一个是真。 （实际上，两个理论可能都是错的）
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