For most people, the left half of the brain controls linguistic capabilities, but some people have t...

题目信息

For most people, the left half of the brain controls linguistic capabilities, but some people have their language centers in the right half. When a language center of the brain is damaged, for example by a stroke, linguistic capabilities are impaired in some way. Therefore, people who have suffered a serious stroke on the left side of the brain without suffering any such impairment must have their language centers in the right half.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the reasoning in the argument above depends?

A:No part of a person's brain that is damaged by a stroke ever recovers.

B:Impairment of linguistic capabilities does not occur in people who have not suffered any damage to any language center of the brain.

C:Strokes tend to impair linguistic capabilities more severely than does any other cause of damage to language centers in the brain.

D:If there are language centers on the left side of the brain, any serious stroke affecting that side of the brain damages at least one of them.

E:It is impossible to determine which side of the brain contains a person's language centers if the person has not suffered damage to either side of the brain.

参考答案及共享解析

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正确答案： D:If there are language centers on the left side of the brain, any serious stroke affecting that side of the brain damages at least one of them.

题干背景信息：多数人的语言中枢在左脑，有一些人的语言中枢在右脑

逻辑链：当人的语言中枢受到损害时，人的语言能力也会受到损害----->结论：因此遭受到左脑损害又没有遭遇语言能力损害的人，其语言中枢一定在右脑

选项分析：

A选项:任何收到stroke的脑部损伤都不能recover，无关

B选项：语言能力的损害不会发生在那些没有受到语言中枢损害的人身上，简言之，没有受到语言中枢损害的人不会遭遇语言能力损害

C选项：stroke比其他damage对语言能力的伤害更大，没有提到其他damage，无关

D选项：如果左脑有语言中枢，那么任何伤害左脑的serious strike都会at least伤害到语言中枢

E选项：如果一个人没有受到脑部损害，就不能决定其语言中枢在哪一半大脑，无关选项，文章的重点研究的是受到大脑损害的人的语言中枢的位置，没讨论为了得到这个判断就一定要去stroke别人大脑

感觉在B和D直接困惑了很久，对B取非就是语言能力受到损害的人，其语言中枢也一定受损害了，对于题干需要判断语言中枢到底在哪一半大脑的支持力不够，如果正好某人的语言中枢在左脑，但是stroke没敲到语言的中枢的部位，而是损害了其左脑的其他部位，题干的结论还是无法得出

然而D选项说的是stroke到左脑就一定会损害到位于左脑的语言中枢，这个比较有力地支持了原文，因为原文说stroke左脑却没有遭受语言能力的损害，那就是语言中枢也没有被损害，结合D，此人的语言中枢一定在右脑咯。

笔记