Mel: The official salary for judges has always been too low to attract the best candidates to the jo...

题目信息

Mel: The official salary for judges has always been too low to attract the best candidates to the job. The legislature's move to raise the salary has done nothing to improve the situation, because it was coupled with a ban on receiving money for lectures and teaching engagements.

Pat: No, the raise in salary really does improve the situation. Since very few judges teach or give lectures, the ban will have little or no negative effect.

Pat's response to Mel is inadequate in that it

A:attempts to assess how a certain change will affect potential members of a group by providing evidence about its effect on the current members.

B:mistakenly takes the cause of a certain change to be an effect of that change

C:attempts to argue that a certain change will have a positive effect merely by pointing to the absence of negative effects

D:simply denies Mel's claim without putting forward any evidence in support of that denial

E:assumes that changes that benefit the most able members of a group necessarily benefit all members of that group.

参考答案及共享解析

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正确答案： A:attempts to assess how a certain change will affect potential members of a group by providing evidence about its effect on the current members.

M说：法官的收入太低以至于对优秀人才没什么吸引力。虽然工资上涨了，但是由于禁止通过演讲或授课来赚钱，因此法官境况没啥改观。

P说：工资上涨改善了法官境况，因为很少有法官去演讲或授课，禁止令基本没什么作用。

问P反驳M的哪里。

思路：M的理由是禁止令——收入降低——即使工资上涨总收入不一定上涨——工资上涨不能改变境况。P反驳在禁止令不会导致收入降低，因为很少人受影响。

A M提出了变化对那些去演讲或授课来赚钱的法官（当前成员）来说是不利的，由此推断出对所有法官（潜在成员）是不利的。P反驳的就是这个是不对的，因为对少数人不利不会对全行业有影响。正确。

B M说的因是禁止令，果是境况没改观，没有因果倒置。

C 反了，M说的是变化有负面影响。

D 单纯的反驳，没有提供论据。不对。

E 反了，正确的应当是错误的假设对小部分成员有害的变化将对所有成员有害

笔记