Plankton generally thrive in areas of the ocean with sufficient concentrations of certain nitrogen compounds near the surface, where plankton live. Nevertheless, some areas, though rich in these nitrogen compounds, have few plankton. These areas have particularly low concentrations of iron, and oceanographers hypothesize that this shortage of iron prevents plankton from thriving. However, an experimental release of iron compounds into one such area failed to produce a thriving plankton population, even though local iron concentrations increased immediately.
Which of the following, if true, argues most strongly against concluding, on the basis of the information above, that the oceanographers' hypothesis is false?
原文：海洋学家的结论是iron的密度太低导致P不能生长。但原文结论说海洋学家错误，然后举出例子说投入了大量的iron，P还是不能生长。
问题：哪个理由会反对原文的结论，反对海洋学家错误，即支持海洋学家的结论。那就需要解释为什么通过这个实验，iron的密度还是很低，因为海水冲走了大量的iron。
一定要注意到原文的immediately。
选项D正好是针对immediately做出解释，立即增加的iron密度，不能保证iron的高密度就可以维持，实验不能有效反驳海洋学家的结论。
所以，正确选项是D选项。
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