题目信息
  • 1
  • Some theorists and critics insist that no aesthetic evaluation of a work of art is sound if it is based even in part on data about the cultural background of the artist. This opinion is clearly false. The only sound aesthetic evaluations of artists' works are those that take into account factors such as the era and the place of the artists' births, their upbringing and education, and the values of their societies—in sum, those factors that are part of their cultural background.


    The above argument is most vulnerable to which of the following objections?

    A:The argument presupposes the conclusion for which it purports to provide evidence.
    B:The argument cites evidence that undermines rather than supports the conclusion.
    C:The argument draws its conclusion by means of an equivocal interpretation of key terms.
    D:The argument assumes that the production of an effect is evidence of an intention to produce that effect.
    E:The argument assumes that evaluative disputes can be resolved by citing factual evidence.
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    正确答案: A:The argument presupposes the conclusion for which it purports to provide evidence.

    答案A

    题目大意:一些理论家和评论家坚持认为,如果一件艺术作品的审美评价是基于艺术家的文化背景的数据,那么它是不合理的。这种观点显然是错误的。对艺术家作品唯一合理的审美评价是那些考虑到诸如艺术家出生的时代和地点、他们的成长和教育以及他们社会的价值观等因素的评价,这些因素是他们文化背景的一部分。

    逻辑链:问缺陷,给出这个结论的唯一原因本质上是对这个结论的重申:文化背景实际上对艺术家的审美评价至关重要。鉴于反对理论家和批评者意见的唯一理由是相反的意见,这一论点是循环的。

    选项分析:

    A. 这一论点是以结论为前提的,其目的是提供证据。正确

    B. 这一论据引用的证据破坏而不是支持这一结论。这一论点没有引用损害而非支持这一结论的证据。事实上,论证为其结论提供的“证据”只是结论本身的一种重复。

    C. 没有在任何关键术语上含糊其辞。

    D. 效果的产生是产生影响的动机的证据,错误

    E. 该论点假设纠纷可以通过引用事实证据来解决。错误

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