When the history of women began to receive focused attention in the 1970', Eleanor Roosevelt was one of a handful of female Americans who were well known to both historians and the general public. Despite the evidence that she had been important in social-reform circles before her husband was elected President and that she continued to advocate different causes than he did, she held a place in the public imagination largely because she was the wife of a particularly influential President. Her own activities were seen as preparing the way for her husband's election or as a complement to his programs. Even Joseph Lash's two volumes of sympathetic biography, Eleanor and Franklin (1971) and Eleanor: The Years Alone (1972), reflected this assumption.
Lash's biography revealed a complicated woman who sought through political activity both to flee inner misery and to promote causes in which she passionately believed. However, she still appeared to be an idiosyncratic figure, somehow self-generated not amenable to any generalized explanation. She emerged from the biography as a mother to the entire nation, or as a busybody, but hardly as a social type, a figure comprehensible in terms of broader social developments.
But more recent work on the feminism of the post-suffrage years (following 1920) allows us to see Roosevelt in a different light and to bring her life into a more richly detailed context. Lois Scharf's Eleanor Roosevelt, written in 1987, depicts a generation of privileged women, born in the late nineteenth century and maturing in the twentieth, who made the transition from old patterns of female association to new ones. Their views and their lives were full of contradictions. They maintained female social networks but began to integrate women into mainstream politics; they demanded equal treatment but also argued that women's maternal responsibilities made them both wards and representatives of the public interest. Thanks to Scharf and others, Roosevelt's activities--for example, her support both for labor laws protecting women and for appointments of women to high public office--have become intelligible in terms of this social context rather than as the idiosyncratic career of a famous man's wife.
Which of the following studies would proceed in a way most similar to the way in which, according to the passage. Scharf's book interprets Eleanor Roosevelt's career?
- 我认为这题的思路是最后一段的这句："Thanks to Scharf and others, Roosevelt's activities...have become
intelligible in terms of this social context"
- Scharf的书是在post-suffrage era和"Scharf's Eleanor Roosevelt, written In 1987, depicts a generation of Privileged
women, born in the late Nineteenth century and maturing in the twentieth, who made the transition from old
patterns of female association to new ones."这样的社会背景下，来描绘ER这位女性倡导的思想和她的activities。
简单来说：ER搞了女权运动是事实，之前人们对她的女权运动解释为“总统夫人”，换句话说认为其动机是私利小利，最后一段站在当时女性社会角度解释，换句话说认为其行为动机是女性利益，是大利。
总结为一句俗话：个人的职业生涯，更多的是出于社会的大利，而不是个人家庭的小利。
- 选项简略分析：
A: 用个人的理想解释个人的行为，显然不符；
B: 用leader的历史解释其矛盾的目标如何挫败他们自己的行为，说的是目标和做法之间的矛盾，无关；
C: 用议员的目标起源于national movement来解释议员的职业生涯，national正对应了社会背景的大利，正确！
D: 用运动员的家庭背景解释其动机，这还是在说小利，不符；
E: 说把一个结束奴隶制度的movement的成功归于领导这个movement的杰出个人努力，还是在归因于个人，不符。
正确答案是C
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