题目信息
Despite their many differences of temperament and
of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne,
Melville, and Whitman shared certain beliefs. Common
to all these writers is their humanistic perspective.
Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual
center of the universe and that in them alone is the
clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos.
Without denying outright the existence of a deity, this
perspective explains humans and the world in terms of humanity.
This common perspective is almost always
universalized. It emphasizes the human as universal,
freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and
talent. Thus, for Emerson, the “American Scholar” turns out to be simply “Man Thinking,” while, for
Whitman, the “Song of Myself” merges imperceptibly
into a song of all the “children of Adam,” where “every
atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.”
Also common to all five writers is the belief that self-realization depends on the harmonious
reconciliation of two universal psychological
tendencies: first, the self-asserting impulse of
the individual to be responsible only to himself or
herself, and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to know and become one with
that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen
in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates
individualism, the preservation of the individual's
freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self
is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by
the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which
is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.
A third assumption common to the five writers is
that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to
truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It
is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspection—
their belief that the clue to external nature is to be
found in the inner world of individual psychology—and
by their interpretation of experience as, in essence,
symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic
relationship between the self and the cosmos of
which only intuition and imagination can properly take
account. These writers' faith in the imagination and
in themselves led them to conceive of the writer as a seer.
of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne,
Melville, and Whitman shared certain beliefs. Common
to all these writers is their humanistic perspective.
Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual
center of the universe and that in them alone is the
clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos.
Without denying outright the existence of a deity, this
perspective explains humans and the world in terms of humanity.
This common perspective is almost always
universalized. It emphasizes the human as universal,
freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and
talent. Thus, for Emerson, the “American Scholar” turns out to be simply “Man Thinking,” while, for
Whitman, the “Song of Myself” merges imperceptibly
into a song of all the “children of Adam,” where “every
atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.”
Also common to all five writers is the belief that self-realization depends on the harmonious
reconciliation of two universal psychological
tendencies: first, the self-asserting impulse of
the individual to be responsible only to himself or
herself, and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to know and become one with
that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen
in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates
individualism, the preservation of the individual's
freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self
is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by
the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which
is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.
A third assumption common to the five writers is
that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to
truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It
is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspection—
their belief that the clue to external nature is to be
found in the inner world of individual psychology—and
by their interpretation of experience as, in essence,
symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic
relationship between the self and the cosmos of
which only intuition and imagination can properly take
account. These writers' faith in the imagination and
in themselves led them to conceive of the writer as a seer.
According to the passage, the five writers object to the scientific method primarily because they think it
A:is not the best way to obtain an understanding of the relationship between the individual and the cosmos
B:is so specialized that it leads to an understanding of separate parts of the universe but not of the relationships among those parts
C:cannot provide an adequate explanation of intuition and imagination
D:misleads people into believing they have an understanding of truth, when they do not
E:prevents people from recognizing the symbolic nature of experience
参考答案及共享解析
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已选答案：
正确答案：
A:is not the best way to obtain an understanding of the relationship between the individual and the cosmos
答案 A
文章的最后一段表明，这五位作者认为，与直觉和想象相比，科学方法提供了一种不那么可靠的方法来获得真理。特别是，这些作者提出，直觉和想象使我们能够认识到自我与宇宙之间的有机关系，而这是科学方法所不能做到的。
A.正确。如上所述，这篇文章表明，这五位作者认为，科学方法并不是获得个人自我与宇宙关系的理解的可靠途径。
B.这篇文章表明这五位作者反对使用科学方法来获得个人与宇宙之间关系的理解，并不是因为它太“专门化”。
C.这篇文章表明，这五位作家相信，与科学方法相比，直觉和想象是获得真理更可靠的手段。这并不意味着科学方法不能对直觉和想象本身提供充分的解释。
D.文章没有指出作者是否相信，由于科学方法的结果，人们错误地相信他们理解了真相。这篇文章确实表明作者们相信科学方法不能导致某些类型的基本真理。然而，这并不意味着这些作者认为任何通过科学方法得出的信念本质上都是错误的。
E.这篇文章表明，作者不相信科学的方法可以有效地导致承认经验的象征性本质。然而，这并不意味着他们认为科学方法阻止了人们认识经验的象征性本质。
文章的最后一段表明，这五位作者认为，与直觉和想象相比，科学方法提供了一种不那么可靠的方法来获得真理。特别是，这些作者提出，直觉和想象使我们能够认识到自我与宇宙之间的有机关系，而这是科学方法所不能做到的。
A.正确。如上所述，这篇文章表明，这五位作者认为，科学方法并不是获得个人自我与宇宙关系的理解的可靠途径。
B.这篇文章表明这五位作者反对使用科学方法来获得个人与宇宙之间关系的理解，并不是因为它太“专门化”。
C.这篇文章表明，这五位作家相信，与科学方法相比，直觉和想象是获得真理更可靠的手段。这并不意味着科学方法不能对直觉和想象本身提供充分的解释。
D.文章没有指出作者是否相信，由于科学方法的结果，人们错误地相信他们理解了真相。这篇文章确实表明作者们相信科学方法不能导致某些类型的基本真理。然而，这并不意味着这些作者认为任何通过科学方法得出的信念本质上都是错误的。
E.这篇文章表明，作者不相信科学的方法可以有效地导致承认经验的象征性本质。然而，这并不意味着他们认为科学方法阻止了人们认识经验的象征性本质。
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