题目信息
Despite their many differences of temperament and
of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne,
Melville, and Whitman shared certain beliefs. Common
to all these writers is their humanistic perspective.
Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual
center of the universe and that in them alone is the
clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos.
Without denying outright the existence of a deity, this
perspective explains humans and the world in terms of humanity.
This common perspective is almost always
universalized. It emphasizes the human as universal,
freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and
talent. Thus, for Emerson, the “American Scholar” turns out to be simply “Man Thinking,” while, for
Whitman, the “Song of Myself” merges imperceptibly
into a song of all the “children of Adam,” where “every
atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.”
Also common to all five writers is the belief that self-realization depends on the harmonious
reconciliation of two universal psychological
tendencies: first, the self-asserting impulse of
the individual to be responsible only to himself or
herself, and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to know and become one with
that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen
in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates
individualism, the preservation of the individual's
freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self
is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by
the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which
is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.
A third assumption common to the five writers is
that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to
truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It
is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspection—
their belief that the clue to external nature is to be
found in the inner world of individual psychology—and
by their interpretation of experience as, in essence,
symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic
relationship between the self and the cosmos of
which only intuition and imagination can properly take
account. These writers' faith in the imagination and
in themselves led them to conceive of the writer as a seer.
of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne,
Melville, and Whitman shared certain beliefs. Common
to all these writers is their humanistic perspective.
Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual
center of the universe and that in them alone is the
clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos.
Without denying outright the existence of a deity, this
perspective explains humans and the world in terms of humanity.
This common perspective is almost always
universalized. It emphasizes the human as universal,
freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and
talent. Thus, for Emerson, the “American Scholar” turns out to be simply “Man Thinking,” while, for
Whitman, the “Song of Myself” merges imperceptibly
into a song of all the “children of Adam,” where “every
atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.”
Also common to all five writers is the belief that self-realization depends on the harmonious
reconciliation of two universal psychological
tendencies: first, the self-asserting impulse of
the individual to be responsible only to himself or
herself, and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to know and become one with
that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen
in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates
individualism, the preservation of the individual's
freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self
is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by
the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which
is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.
A third assumption common to the five writers is
that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to
truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It
is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspection—
their belief that the clue to external nature is to be
found in the inner world of individual psychology—and
by their interpretation of experience as, in essence,
symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic
relationship between the self and the cosmos of
which only intuition and imagination can properly take
account. These writers' faith in the imagination and
in themselves led them to conceive of the writer as a seer.
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正确答案：
B:History and literature
答案 B
文章讨论了五个具有重要历史意义的文学人物;由此可见，这篇文章与历史和文学最为相关。
A.因为这篇文章只讨论了这五位作家的主题特征，所以与美学，即对美的研究几乎没有关系。此外，它不讨论任何一般的推理和论证的特点，所以它几乎没有与逻辑的研究。
B.正确。由于这篇文章的重点是五个历史上重要的文学人物，它是最相关的研究历史和文学。
C.这篇文章没有集中研究宗教或人类社会的结构和功能。因此，这篇文章几乎与神学或社会学无关。
D.这篇文章既不关注人类社会和文化，也不关注政治活动和行为。因此，它与人类学或政治学都没有什么关系。
E.这篇文章不涉及语言或语言结构的研究，所以它与语言学几乎没有关系。此外，它只与一种特殊类型的艺术有关，即文学，因此，它与一般艺术研究的关系有限。
文章讨论了五个具有重要历史意义的文学人物;由此可见，这篇文章与历史和文学最为相关。
A.因为这篇文章只讨论了这五位作家的主题特征，所以与美学，即对美的研究几乎没有关系。此外，它不讨论任何一般的推理和论证的特点，所以它几乎没有与逻辑的研究。
B.正确。由于这篇文章的重点是五个历史上重要的文学人物，它是最相关的研究历史和文学。
C.这篇文章没有集中研究宗教或人类社会的结构和功能。因此，这篇文章几乎与神学或社会学无关。
D.这篇文章既不关注人类社会和文化，也不关注政治活动和行为。因此，它与人类学或政治学都没有什么关系。
E.这篇文章不涉及语言或语言结构的研究，所以它与语言学几乎没有关系。此外，它只与一种特殊类型的艺术有关，即文学，因此，它与一般艺术研究的关系有限。
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