题目信息
Despite their many differences of temperament and
of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne,
Melville, and Whitman shared certain beliefs. Common
to all these writers is their humanistic perspective.
Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual
center of the universe and that in them alone is the
clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos.
Without denying outright the existence of a deity, this
perspective explains humans and the world in terms of humanity.
This common perspective is almost always
universalized. It emphasizes the human as universal,
freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and
talent. Thus, for Emerson, the “American Scholar” turns out to be simply “Man Thinking,” while, for
Whitman, the “Song of Myself” merges imperceptibly
into a song of all the “children of Adam,” where “every
atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.”
Also common to all five writers is the belief that self-realization depends on the harmonious
reconciliation of two universal psychological
tendencies: first, the self-asserting impulse of
the individual to be responsible only to himself or
herself, and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to know and become one with
that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen
in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates
individualism, the preservation of the individual's
freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self
is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by
the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which
is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.
A third assumption common to the five writers is
that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to
truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It
is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspection—
their belief that the clue to external nature is to be
found in the inner world of individual psychology—and
by their interpretation of experience as, in essence,
symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic
relationship between the self and the cosmos of
which only intuition and imagination can properly take
account. These writers' faith in the imagination and
in themselves led them to conceive of the writer as a seer.
of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne,
Melville, and Whitman shared certain beliefs. Common
to all these writers is their humanistic perspective.
Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual
center of the universe and that in them alone is the
clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos.
Without denying outright the existence of a deity, this
perspective explains humans and the world in terms of humanity.
This common perspective is almost always
universalized. It emphasizes the human as universal,
freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and
talent. Thus, for Emerson, the “American Scholar” turns out to be simply “Man Thinking,” while, for
Whitman, the “Song of Myself” merges imperceptibly
into a song of all the “children of Adam,” where “every
atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.”
Also common to all five writers is the belief that self-realization depends on the harmonious
reconciliation of two universal psychological
tendencies: first, the self-asserting impulse of
the individual to be responsible only to himself or
herself, and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to know and become one with
that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen
in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates
individualism, the preservation of the individual's
freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self
is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by
the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which
is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.
A third assumption common to the five writers is
that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to
truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It
is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspection—
their belief that the clue to external nature is to be
found in the inner world of individual psychology—and
by their interpretation of experience as, in essence,
symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic
relationship between the self and the cosmos of
which only intuition and imagination can properly take
account. These writers' faith in the imagination and
in themselves led them to conceive of the writer as a seer.
The author quotes Whitman primarily in order to
A:show that the poet does not agree with Emerson
B:indicate the way the poet uses the humanist ideal to praise himself
C:suggest that the poet adapts the basic premises of humanism to his own individual outlook on the world
D:illustrate a way the poet expresses the relationship of the individual to the humanistic universe
E:demonstrate that the poet is concerned with the well-being of all humans
参考答案及共享解析
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已选答案：
正确答案：
D:illustrate a way the poet expresses the relationship of the individual to the humanistic universe
答案 D
第二段强调，这五位作家强调人是普遍的，不受时间、空间、出身和才能的限制;他们认为这一观点符合人类是宇宙精神中心的普遍观念。在第二段中，作者列举了两个写作的例子，一个来自爱默生，一个来自惠特曼。要回答这个问题，我们必须认识到，惠特曼的论述阐明了这样一个观点:每个人都与宇宙有着如此广泛的关系。
A.爱默生和惠特曼的名言是为了说明同样的思想——即人类是普遍的——而不是为了说明这两位作家的不同之处。
B.作者引用惠特曼是为了说明这五位作家所共有的一个普遍观点，而不是为了说明惠特曼如何用人文主义理想来赞美自己。此外，这种选择是不正确的，因为这句话本身反映了所有“亚当之子”——所有人类——的真实情况，而不是惠特曼的真实情况。
C.作者引用惠特曼的话并不是要表明惠特曼有什么特别之处，而是要说明他与其他四位作家的观点。
D.正确。作者引用惠特曼来说明惠特曼是如何表达个人与人文世界的关系的，正如其他作家一样。
E.这段引文阐明了惠特曼关于个人与宇宙关系的观点。尽管惠特曼实际上可能关心全人类的福祉，但这句话本身并不能说明这一点。
第二段强调，这五位作家强调人是普遍的，不受时间、空间、出身和才能的限制;他们认为这一观点符合人类是宇宙精神中心的普遍观念。在第二段中，作者列举了两个写作的例子，一个来自爱默生，一个来自惠特曼。要回答这个问题，我们必须认识到，惠特曼的论述阐明了这样一个观点:每个人都与宇宙有着如此广泛的关系。
A.爱默生和惠特曼的名言是为了说明同样的思想——即人类是普遍的——而不是为了说明这两位作家的不同之处。
B.作者引用惠特曼是为了说明这五位作家所共有的一个普遍观点，而不是为了说明惠特曼如何用人文主义理想来赞美自己。此外，这种选择是不正确的，因为这句话本身反映了所有“亚当之子”——所有人类——的真实情况，而不是惠特曼的真实情况。
C.作者引用惠特曼的话并不是要表明惠特曼有什么特别之处，而是要说明他与其他四位作家的观点。
D.正确。作者引用惠特曼来说明惠特曼是如何表达个人与人文世界的关系的，正如其他作家一样。
E.这段引文阐明了惠特曼关于个人与宇宙关系的观点。尽管惠特曼实际上可能关心全人类的福祉，但这句话本身并不能说明这一点。
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