题目信息
Despite their many differences of temperament and
of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne,
Melville, and Whitman shared certain beliefs. Common
to all these writers is their humanistic perspective.
Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual
center of the universe and that in them alone is the
clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos.
Without denying outright the existence of a deity, this
perspective explains humans and the world in terms of humanity.
This common perspective is almost always
universalized. It emphasizes the human as universal,
freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and
talent. Thus, for Emerson, the “American Scholar” turns out to be simply “Man Thinking,” while, for
Whitman, the “Song of Myself” merges imperceptibly
into a song of all the “children of Adam,” where “every
atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.”
Also common to all five writers is the belief that self-realization depends on the harmonious
reconciliation of two universal psychological
tendencies: first, the self-asserting impulse of
the individual to be responsible only to himself or
herself, and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to know and become one with
that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen
in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates
individualism, the preservation of the individual's
freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self
is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by
the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which
is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.
A third assumption common to the five writers is
that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to
truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It
is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspection—
their belief that the clue to external nature is to be
found in the inner world of individual psychology—and
by their interpretation of experience as, in essence,
symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic
relationship between the self and the cosmos of
which only intuition and imagination can properly take
account. These writers' faith in the imagination and
in themselves led them to conceive of the writer as a seer.
of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne,
Melville, and Whitman shared certain beliefs. Common
to all these writers is their humanistic perspective.
Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual
center of the universe and that in them alone is the
clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos.
Without denying outright the existence of a deity, this
perspective explains humans and the world in terms of humanity.
This common perspective is almost always
universalized. It emphasizes the human as universal,
freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and
talent. Thus, for Emerson, the “American Scholar” turns out to be simply “Man Thinking,” while, for
Whitman, the “Song of Myself” merges imperceptibly
into a song of all the “children of Adam,” where “every
atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.”
Also common to all five writers is the belief that self-realization depends on the harmonious
reconciliation of two universal psychological
tendencies: first, the self-asserting impulse of
the individual to be responsible only to himself or
herself, and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to know and become one with
that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen
in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates
individualism, the preservation of the individual's
freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self
is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by
the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which
is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.
A third assumption common to the five writers is
that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to
truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It
is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspection—
their belief that the clue to external nature is to be
found in the inner world of individual psychology—and
by their interpretation of experience as, in essence,
symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic
relationship between the self and the cosmos of
which only intuition and imagination can properly take
account. These writers' faith in the imagination and
in themselves led them to conceive of the writer as a seer.
The author discusses "the democratic ethic" (underlined) in order to
A:explain the relationship between external experience and inner imagination
B:support the notion that the self contains two conflicting and irreconcilable factions
C:illustrate the relationship between the self's desire to be individual and its desire to merge with all other selves
D:elaborate on the concept that the self constantly desires to realize its potential
E:give an example of the idea that, in order to be happy, the self must reconcile its desires with external reality
参考答案及共享解析
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正确答案：
C:illustrate the relationship between the self's desire to be individual and its desire to merge with all other selves
答案 C
这篇文章讨论了民主伦理作为两个冲突冲动的具体例子:对自我负责的欲望和超越自我、与世界融为一体的欲望。特别是民主伦理关系到一个人对自己的责任和对社会的责任之间的冲突。
A.本文对民主伦理的讨论涉及到个人自我主张和自我超越冲动的冲突。然而，民主伦理是用来说明而不是解释这一观点的。此外，民主伦理并不专门处理内部想象和外部经验，而是处理相互冲突的职责。
B.这篇文章没有指出自我有两个不可调和的派别。关于民主伦理的讨论是关于两种心理倾向和谐和解的重要性的讨论的一部分。
C.正确。如前所述，作者对民主伦理的讨论旨在说明一个人对自己的责任和他成为社会一部分的责任之间的关系;我们可以把后者解释为与世界合而为一的一种形式。
D.这篇文章并没有表明这五位作者相信自我不断地渴望实现自己的潜能。
E.这篇文章并没有指出这五位作者认为幸福需要自我欲望与外部现实的调和。
这篇文章讨论了民主伦理作为两个冲突冲动的具体例子:对自我负责的欲望和超越自我、与世界融为一体的欲望。特别是民主伦理关系到一个人对自己的责任和对社会的责任之间的冲突。
A.本文对民主伦理的讨论涉及到个人自我主张和自我超越冲动的冲突。然而，民主伦理是用来说明而不是解释这一观点的。此外，民主伦理并不专门处理内部想象和外部经验，而是处理相互冲突的职责。
B.这篇文章没有指出自我有两个不可调和的派别。关于民主伦理的讨论是关于两种心理倾向和谐和解的重要性的讨论的一部分。
C.正确。如前所述，作者对民主伦理的讨论旨在说明一个人对自己的责任和他成为社会一部分的责任之间的关系;我们可以把后者解释为与世界合而为一的一种形式。
D.这篇文章并没有表明这五位作者相信自我不断地渴望实现自己的潜能。
E.这篇文章并没有指出这五位作者认为幸福需要自我欲望与外部现实的调和。
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