题目信息
Despite their many differences of temperament and
of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne,
Melville, and Whitman shared certain beliefs. Common
to all these writers is their humanistic perspective.
Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual
center of the universe and that in them alone is the
clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos.
Without denying outright the existence of a deity, this
perspective explains humans and the world in terms of humanity.
This common perspective is almost always
universalized. It emphasizes the human as universal,
freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and
talent. Thus, for Emerson, the “American Scholar” turns out to be simply “Man Thinking,” while, for
Whitman, the “Song of Myself” merges imperceptibly
into a song of all the “children of Adam,” where “every
atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.”
Also common to all five writers is the belief that self-realization depends on the harmonious
reconciliation of two universal psychological
tendencies: first, the self-asserting impulse of
the individual to be responsible only to himself or
herself, and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to know and become one with
that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen
in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates
individualism, the preservation of the individual's
freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self
is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by
the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which
is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.
A third assumption common to the five writers is
that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to
truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It
is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspection—
their belief that the clue to external nature is to be
found in the inner world of individual psychology—and
by their interpretation of experience as, in essence,
symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic
relationship between the self and the cosmos of
which only intuition and imagination can properly take
account. These writers' faith in the imagination and
in themselves led them to conceive of the writer as a seer.
of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne,
Melville, and Whitman shared certain beliefs. Common
to all these writers is their humanistic perspective.
Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual
center of the universe and that in them alone is the
clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos.
Without denying outright the existence of a deity, this
perspective explains humans and the world in terms of humanity.
This common perspective is almost always
universalized. It emphasizes the human as universal,
freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and
talent. Thus, for Emerson, the “American Scholar” turns out to be simply “Man Thinking,” while, for
Whitman, the “Song of Myself” merges imperceptibly
into a song of all the “children of Adam,” where “every
atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.”
Also common to all five writers is the belief that self-realization depends on the harmonious
reconciliation of two universal psychological
tendencies: first, the self-asserting impulse of
the individual to be responsible only to himself or
herself, and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to know and become one with
that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen
in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates
individualism, the preservation of the individual's
freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self
is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by
the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which
is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.
A third assumption common to the five writers is
that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to
truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It
is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspection—
their belief that the clue to external nature is to be
found in the inner world of individual psychology—and
by their interpretation of experience as, in essence,
symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic
relationship between the self and the cosmos of
which only intuition and imagination can properly take
account. These writers' faith in the imagination and
in themselves led them to conceive of the writer as a seer.
It can be inferred that the idea of "an organic relationship between the self and the cosmos" (see lines 40–41) is necessary to the thinking of the five writers because such a relationship
A:enables them to assert the importance of the democratic ethic
B:justifies their concept of the freedom of the individual
C:sustains their faith in the existence of a deity
D:is the foundation of their humanistic view of existence
E:is the basis for their claim that the writer is a seer
参考答案及共享解析
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正确答案：
D:is the foundation of their humanistic view of existence
答案 D
这篇文章讨论了自我和宇宙之间的有机关系，这是在讨论五位作者共同的信仰的背景下进行的，他们都认为外部自然的线索可以在个人心理的内部世界中找到，而这种体验本质上是象征性的。文章指出，这些观点假定了自我与宇宙之间存在着一种有机的关系。这种对有机关系的假设似乎是他们的人本主义生存观的基础。
A.可以断言民主伦理的重要性，而不必坚持这些作家关于自我与宇宙之间有机关系的观点。事实上，这种观点可能在他们促进民主伦理方面发挥了作用。然而，作者当然可以断言，这种伦理是重要的，而不是假设这样的观点。
B.这篇文章表明了个人自由的观点和个人对社会的责任之间的矛盾，作者认为这种观点与自我和宇宙之间的有机关系有关。因此，这个观点如何证明这五位作者关于个人自由的观点是正确的还不清楚。
C.文章指出，这些作者并没有特别否认神的存在。然而，他们对人性存在观的信仰与对神的信仰是对立的。因此，在自我和宇宙之间的有机关系——这一概念是人文主义观点的基础——的想法不太可能维持他们可能有的信仰，即存在一个与宇宙本身不同的神。
D.正确。如上所述，这五位作家的人本主义存在观是以自我与宇宙的有机关系为前提的。
E.这篇文章表明作者对想象力和自身的信仰是他们声称作者是一个预言家的基础，而不是他们认为自我和宇宙之间有一种有机的关系。
这篇文章讨论了自我和宇宙之间的有机关系，这是在讨论五位作者共同的信仰的背景下进行的，他们都认为外部自然的线索可以在个人心理的内部世界中找到，而这种体验本质上是象征性的。文章指出，这些观点假定了自我与宇宙之间存在着一种有机的关系。这种对有机关系的假设似乎是他们的人本主义生存观的基础。
A.可以断言民主伦理的重要性，而不必坚持这些作家关于自我与宇宙之间有机关系的观点。事实上，这种观点可能在他们促进民主伦理方面发挥了作用。然而，作者当然可以断言，这种伦理是重要的，而不是假设这样的观点。
B.这篇文章表明了个人自由的观点和个人对社会的责任之间的矛盾，作者认为这种观点与自我和宇宙之间的有机关系有关。因此，这个观点如何证明这五位作者关于个人自由的观点是正确的还不清楚。
C.文章指出，这些作者并没有特别否认神的存在。然而，他们对人性存在观的信仰与对神的信仰是对立的。因此，在自我和宇宙之间的有机关系——这一概念是人文主义观点的基础——的想法不太可能维持他们可能有的信仰，即存在一个与宇宙本身不同的神。
D.正确。如上所述，这五位作家的人本主义存在观是以自我与宇宙的有机关系为前提的。
E.这篇文章表明作者对想象力和自身的信仰是他们声称作者是一个预言家的基础，而不是他们认为自我和宇宙之间有一种有机的关系。
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